Client-Side Technologies Client Side Technologies are the tools and languages that run in the user's web browser, rather than on a web server. In the world of web development, client-side technologies handle: Web page layout Form input validation User interaction Dynamic changes in web page content HTML HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and web applications. Its elements form the building blocks of pages, representing formatted text, images, form inputs, and other structures. When a browser makes a request to a URL, whether fetching a page or an application, the first thing that is returned is an HTML document. This HTML document may reference or include additional information about its look and layout in the form of CSS, or behavior in the form of JavaScript. CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to control the look and layout of HTML elements. CSS styles can be applied directly to an HTML element, defined separately on the same page, or defined in